Aim This retrospective study was conducted to determine skeletal, dentoalveolar changes in children treated with Twin Block or activator for the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with different jaw rotations. Materials And Methods Standardized lateral cephalograms of 32 patients (18 boys, 14 girls) between the ages of 11 and 14 years were chosen and divided into two groups, high angle (FMA >27) and low angle (FMA <20). Cephalograms were taken at T1 (pre-treatment) and T2 (after one year of myofunctional therapy).These were manually traced and analysed. Results The results showed statistically significant increase in SNB angle, VRP-Pog due to forward movement of the mandible. The overjet reduced significantly due to retroclination of upper incisors and proclination of lower incisors in both groups. Conclusion It was concluded that both high angle and low angle groups responded equally well to myofunctional therapy showing significant skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.

Implants have become an inherent part of everyday orthodontic practice, but unlike prosthodontic implants, their placement and insertion into narrow interradicular spaces for orthodontic purposes remain a tricky and challenging part to most clinicians. An innovative and clinically useful method has been described here for safe and easy insertion of mini-implants.

Purpose During orthodontic treatment, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress involves several metabolic changes that allow tooth movement. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of human teeth exposed to orthodontic force. Materials And Methods GCF samples were obtained from 15 healthy orthodontic patients (age, 12-22 years). In each patient, the left maxillary canine having the fixed orthodontic appliance was used as the test tooth, and its antagonist, with no appliance, was the control. Orthodontic force, 75 g was applied using a 16 × 22 beta titanium closing loop. The GCF sampling on the disto-buccal aspects of experimental and control tooth was performed at specific time interval with sterilized absorbent paper point. Processing was carried out with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect OPN and MMP-7 levels. Results The peak level of OPN was seen after 1 h application of orthodontic force which was 1280.36 pg/ml ± 185.02. The peak level of MMP-7 was seen at 0 h which was 598.3 pg/ml ± 107.5. The levels of OPN after 1 h increased to 1280.36 pg/ml ± 185.02, and they decreased at 24 h to 1012.86 pg/ml ± 168.47 (P = 0.001). The levels of MMP-7 after 1 h decreased to 478 pg/ml ± 99.7 which increased at 24 h to 526.9 pg/ml ± 99.2. Conclusions Orthodontic forces affect both OPN and MMP-7 protein levels on the compression side in a time-dependent fashion.

Editorial

After the applications of mini-implant anchorage, the envelope of orthodontic treatment was expanded and some treatment modes were changed because of more predictable tooth movement with empowered anchorage. The author tried to share his experience of TADs applications for clarifying the paradigm shifts of orthodontic treatment assisted with the mini-implant anchorage.

Context Orthodontic devices lead to significantly greater plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation resulting in a change of gingival flora from cocci and rods to motile organisms like spirochetes. Aims The aim was to study the effect of various oral hygiene products on the microbial flora in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials And Methods The microbial composition of 40 patients, divided into four groups of 10 patients each, was evaluated. Group I patients were prescribed nonfluoridated dentifrice which act as the control group, Group II patients were given fluoridated dentifrice while in Group III and Group IV fluoridated mouth rinse and cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse, respectively, along with nonfluoridated toothpaste was prescribed. The plaque sample was collected at the start of orthodontic treatment, after 30 days, 60 days and 90 days for all the patients. The microscopic slides were prepared and observed under dark field microscopy at the magnification of ×1000 and microbes were classified as cocci, spirochetes, fusiforms, filaments, and rods. Results After applying analysis of variance and Tukey honest significant difference test, it was observed that after 30 days, only the proportion of filaments was found to be significantly higher in Group I. After 60 days, Group I had significantly lower proportion of cocci and a higher proportion of rods as compared to other groups. After 90 days, Group I had significantly higher count of rods, filaments, fusiforms, and spirochetes as compared to Groups III and IV. Conclusion Less amount of the microbial shift to the pathogenic organisms was seen in the patients in whom mouthwashes along with tooth brushing were prescribed.

Tooth impaction is the retardation in the eruption pattern of a tooth. One of the most commonly impacted teeth is the maxillary canine. However, impaction of mandibular canines is not as common as maxillary canines. Treatment of such impacted teeth usually involves surgical exposure, followed by bonding of an orthodontic attachment to facilitate extrusive movement of the impacted tooth. However, some side-effects on other teeth can be expected which includes the intrusion and tipping of adjacent teeth. In order to prevent side-effects on the adjacent teeth, we present a modified uprighting spring used to extrude an impacted canine.